Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards

â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† was written by theologian Jonathan Edwards and is considered to be one of the most famous of all sermons because it is a common topic of debate for many people (who are in a religious setting). But, I am compelled to consider that there could be more to Edwards’ legacy and purpose than meets the eye. Jonathan Edwards was the son of a minister and a highly intelligent, willful mother (Griffin, 2007). Edwards was known for being an intellectual and profound speaker. Because he was highly intellectual, I can imagine that he had very firm opinions and ideas about the way things operated, including how the government ran the country. Edwards’ message in, â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God† was preached in a religious climate during the era of the Great Awakening. The Great Awakening preceded the American Revolution, an era when American’s fought against political issues such as high taxes, demanding their freedom and independence (Wikipedia, 2014) . The idea of an awakening implies a slumber or passivity during secular or less religious times. However, this can be applied to a non-religious context. I propose that â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† be examined from the perspective of compelling people to consider their weaknesses and insufficiencies (along with the insufficiencies of others) in order to encourage them to equality, and removing social hierarchy and fear. From that perspective, â€Å"Sinners in the HandsShow MoreRelatedJonathan Edwards And Sinners In The Hands Of An Angry God1936 Words   |  8 Pagesglorify God while we are living our lives. Fo r over a thousand years God’s word has been preached by many faithful men who follow Him. However, there were some of those faithful men who used God’s Word and their own improvisation to convict sinners and to put their trust in God. Those times resulted in an era called the Great Awakening of the 18th century and they also put an end to the segregation era of the 20th century. Two of the faithful men during those eras were Jonathan Edwards and MartinRead MoreJonathan Edwards Essay Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God2232 Words   |  9 PagesSinners in the Hands of an Angry God Rhetorical Analysis Essay Jonathan Edwards, a famous preacher in pre-colonial times, composed a sermon that was driven to alert and inject neo Puritanical fear into an eighteenth century congregation. This Bible based and serious audience sought after religious instruction and enlightenment. Through the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Edwards offers a very harsh interpretation to humankind. Edwards utilizes various rhetorical techniques toRead MoreSinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards Essay647 Words   |  3 PagesSinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards Jonathan Edwards grew up in an atmosphere of strict puritan discipline. He became a very religious and devout believer at an early age, and excelled in academics, entering Yale University at the age of thirteen. Many years later he became the pastor of a church that grew with his teachings. His lifestyle reflected his teachings and was a well respected man. His sermons spoke directly at many people and he impactedRead More Use of Rhetoric in Jonathan Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God570 Words   |  3 PagesJuly 8th 1741, Jonathan Edwards preached the sermon â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† in Enfield, Connecticut. Edwards states to his listeners that God does not lack in power, and that people have yet not fallen to destruction because his mercy. God is so forgiving that he gives his people an opportunity to repent and change their ways before it was too late. Edwards urges that the possibility of damnation is immanent. Also that it urgently requires the considerations of the sinner before timeRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Edwards s Sinners The Hands Of An Angry God 1376 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,† Jonathan Edwards , main purpose was to scare the audience and tell them that they are doomed to spend their lives suffering from God s wrath in hell. His sermons were intended as a wake-up cal l for those who underplayed the majesty of a holy God and overemphasized their own worthiness as a decent, hard-working, successful citizens. Edwards believed strongly that only a genuine conversion experience should qualify a person for church membershipRead MoreSinners in the Hands of an Angry God Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesOutline 1. Introduction a. Hook - â€Å"Unconverted men walk over the pit of hell on a rotten covering.† ( A quote from Jonathan Edwards’ â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†) b. Thesis – Jonathan Edwards’s sermon portrayed Puritans as sinners of their religion through the use of rhetorical strategies such as ethos, pathos, and logos. 2. Body Points c. Body 1 i. Topic Sentence - Ethos is referred to as the trustworthiness or credibility of the speaker and theirRead MoreSinners In The Hands Of An Angry God Analysis1034 Words   |  5 PagesPuritan author Jonathan Edwards was most well known for his sermon, â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†, in which he vividly described the hell waiting for all sinners. Edwards used fear tactics to get listeners to abide with what he was preaching. Jonathan Edwards uses repetition and imagery to get his point across in â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†. The most common tool used by Edwards to frighten people into believing what he was saying was repetition. Jonathan Edwards was trying toRead More Jonathan Edwards Sinnners in the Hands of An Angry God Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Edwards Sinnners in the Hands of An Angry God Jonathan Edwards delivered his sermon, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, in Enfield Connecticut on July 8, 1741, the year following George Whitefields preaching tour which helped inspire the Great Awakening. Weeping and emotional conviction among Edwards’ audiences came at a time of great spiritual thirst. While very foreign to mainstream American opinion today, this extraordinary message was fashioned for a people who were veryRead MoreComparing Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and Patrick Henrys Speech in the Virginia Convention: Who Made the Best Argument?739 Words   |  3 PagesJonathan Edwards creates a more effective argument for the intended audience in â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† than â€Å"The Speech in the Virginia Convention† written by Patrick Henry, by utilizing various techniques. Patrick Henry makes a strong argument however in the end, Edwards’ sermon grows to be more effective. Edwards creates the argu ment by strengthening the writing through tone, structure, fallacies and knowledge of the congregation that became his audience. Henry’s piece uses methodsRead MoreGod’s Unconditional Love vs. God’s Unending Anger Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesEveryone must accept God as their savior or they will go to hell. This is a very familiar message that is preached by Christian religious leaders in places of worship around the world. As simple as this message may seem, the way it is delivered to the people makes all the difference in either turning them into believers, or scaring them away from religion altogether. John Winthrop and Jonathan Edwards were both religious leaders that lived centuries before the present time. They shared the same

Should College Athletes Get Paid Essay - 1184 Words

Today there are a lot of big questions in this world about one specific topic. The answer is even more important than maybe half of the questions, but there isn’t a correct answer to this question. It’s a belief and what you think question. This question is paid attention to by a lot of high school student athletes, but not only high school athletes but current college athletes. This question is maybe one of the reasons why a lot of college athletes leave college and go to the pros after just one year in college. The question is â€Å"should college athletes get paid?† A lot of people reading this right now have different opinions and views on this, and the question itself just pops. Well first I think college athletes getting paid would†¦show more content†¦Especially the big main sports such as football and basketball. The school has a lot of radio, TV, and newspaper deals that also bring money to them. You have to think about the people who canâ€℠¢t always watch the game, they can hear it. Not only do they have those contracts, but you got to remember when the actual games start and there at the big stadium or dome. The revenue for one game is over 10,000 to 20,000 people just for one game. They have prices for food, beverages, stuffed dolls, programs, and souvenir, that a lot of that 10-20,000 buy at all the games. This is very messed up because most of the souvenirs are the current player’s jersey with their number on it, but the jersey doesn’t have their name on the back of it, just their number. The jersey makes the sale with or without the players name on it and none of the players get a cut of any type of money. So the players just worked their buts off since JFL just to get to college and get not even a couple dollars. â€Å"Don’t get me wrong, it’s an unbelievable organization – but in some way they’re taking advantage of college athletes that sign their name into a certain school.† â€Å"When I was (at Alabama) in ’09, I think revenue when we won the national championship that year was like $62 million. And when we won it in New Orleans (in 2011), it was like $78 million. Then when we beat (Notre Dame in 2012), it was like $92 million.† (Mitrosilis) Every kid who everShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Get Paid?1338 Words   |  6 Pages13,2016 Should College Athletes Get Paid College sports are something that everyone has thought about, and many question whether or not they should get paid for it. Many Americans question whether or not it is right or wrong to pay college athletes to play sports. College athletes deal with a lot, from balancing classes to long practices in the evening. College is supposed to be a time when some individual figures out what he or she wants to do, but not for athletes. Most college athletes go to collegeRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?853 Words   |  4 PagesShould College Athletes Really Get Paid? The question whether â€Å"If college athletes should get paid or not?† has been debated for many years. The debate is brought up every year during the NCAA men’s basketball, March Madness competition, and starts again when football season begins. College athletes do provide entertainment for sports fans, but all the benefits that they do receive should limit them from being paid. The benefits student athletes obtain is free tuition, health coverage, and an openedRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?1742 Words   |  7 PagesShould College Athletes Get Paid? Should college athletes be paid? This has been a controversial topic ever since college sports started. Many people argue that they should. Many people argue that they should not. College athletes should get paid because they work extremely hard playing their sport. The people that say they should be paid argue that the amount of time athletes dedicate is equivalent to a full-time job, and maybe even more. The people that say they should not get paid argue that collegeRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?1196 Words   |  5 Pagesa huge debate on whether or not college athletes should be paid. For years now college athletes have gone out and performed on national television, working hard to make it to the next level. They have given it there all, and not only that, the athletes bring in about $11 billion in annual revenue from college sports. Now days, sports is a business, and college sports are the same. Division 1 college sports provide a lot of income for the universities. Many athletes receive scholarships and a littleRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?999 Words   |  4 PagesPlaying a college sport today is not just fun anymore. College sports are becoming a business and the athletes are the workers. The money some sports programs make from ticket sales, concessions, and media exposure is tremendous. Students playing sports are the ones people pay money to watch, so do the colleges not pay the athletes since they are the ones that bring in the money. They train year around to make themselves and their team better but what do they see for all of this hard work and dedicationRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid1503 Words   |  7 PagesTrey P. Ragas Mr. Derm English 4 21 April 2016 Should College Athletes Get Paid In the course of recent decades, school sports have increased enormous ubiquity over the United States. Whether it be football, ball, or hockey, since the time that the turn of the century, intercollegiate games have acquired an overflow of income to their separate Universities, and in addition expanding the fame of the College s notoriety. For instance, in a study directed by the Orlando Sentinel, it wasRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?793 Words   |  4 Pagesscholarships given to college athletes are not sufficient enough to sustain them throughout the year, which is why I believe they should get paid and receive benefits. Student athletes, especially football and basketball players, play a major role in generating revenue for schools, businesses, coaches and the players do not see a penny. College athletes often do not have money in their pockets for extra food, clothes, housing and extracurricular activities. They also can potentially get dropped from theirR ead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?942 Words   |  4 Pagespopularity of college basketball and football keeps increasing each sport season. These sports bring in millions of dollars towards there universities every year. Are these universities ripping these athletes off? Should college athletes get paid? They risk their bodies to bring money for their school. While college athletics bring money toward their schools, paying athletes would change the main role of the university which is to get an education. Athletes forget that they are student-athletes. It seemsRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Get Paid1749 Words   |  7 PagesCollege athletes should get paid Imagine working day in and day out every day to meet academic standards and trying to keep your level of play competitive up. That’s what college athletes go through every day. College athletes have gained immense popularity over the past few decades. The NCAA took advantage of this and made billions of dollars off college athletics According to USA Today, the NCAA last season the NCAA made over $845 Billion dollars in revenue from games, merchandise sales, televisionRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?2214 Words   |  9 Pages Jasmine Arenas College Athletics: Should college athletes get paid? Over the years, we have seen colleges and universities benefit extremely from their sports programs. Every year a great team brings tremendous amounts of revenue for their university. However, as these universities increase their finances, their athletes are falling behind financially, academically, socially and personally creating a huge burden upon them. College/university athletes practically work overtime for their academic

Operations and System Management of a Car Garage Free Essays

string(54) " there are some objectives that Powell’s are lower\." OBSM Coursework Assessment – Element One Powell’s Garage Report Introduction The following report will be researching into a small garage named Powell’s, located in Illogan, Cornwall. Powell’s garage is a family business that was established in 1953. This organisation offers a range of services and products, including MOT’s, tyre replacement and full car servicing. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations and System Management of a Car Garage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Primary research will be used in order to gain data in order to examine specific factors in Powell’s garage. Slack et al. ’s five performance objectives will display which ways the organisation is thriving and in which ways they are failing. Looking at the design capacity, effective capacity and actual outputs will give an overview of how well they are using their resources within the organisation. Finally, by calculating the organisation’s capability index, a specific operation can be explored in order to highlight the reliability of the service and whether there is any potential room for improvement. Five Performance Objectives Slack et al (2004) states that there are five performance objectives that can evaluate performance of an operation. The first of these being cost, this is the ability to produce at a low cost. By pricing goods and services appropriately to the market, customers will always be attracted and it will allow for a good return to the company. Powell’s have a few competitor garages surrounding them, therefore pricing is a very important aspect of the organisation as they must keep it low enough to rival other garages, but high enough to ensure profit from their services. Quality is another performance objective and this is the ability to produce in accordance with the specifications without error. This will ensure full customer satisfaction and a high-quality reputation. It is essential that Powell’s provide a premium service as not only does it guarantee safety for their customers, but it gives them an advantage over competitors. Dependability is the ability to produce goods and services in accordance to the promises made to the customer. This could include a time deadline that the service needs to be completed by, therefore Powell’s must ensure that they fulfil any tasks given by customers’ and remain reliable or a bad reputation could circulate, resulting in less business. The ability to do things quickly in response to the customer’s demands is known as speed. This should also reduce time between orders from the customer and when they receive it again. Being a busy garage means that Powell’s must complete services as quickly as possible in order to keep up with the level of demand they receive. If this is not met, customers’ could use another organisation that can offer a quick service. Finally, the last performance objective from Slack et al. is flexibility. This is the ability to change the operation in a variety of ways. This therefore means that Powell’s must offer a wide variety of goods and services in order to fit with any customer needs and keep the amount of business high. These five performance objectives can also be linked, and these links mean that an organisation can excel in certain operations and compete with other organisations. For example, quality reduces cost and increases dependability. High quality therefore means fewer mistakes made in the operation, this leads to a reduced amount of time needed to correct any errors, and less time spent on the operation means reduced cost. This results in the customer being satisfied with the service. It will also more than likely mean they will feel confident using the organisation and will return for future business. From using primary research to study Powell’s garage, it is noticeable that quality is the most vital objective to ensure its success in their marketplace. Through questionnaires, shown as Appendix 1, and interviews with customers and within the organisation; it is quality that is the most prominent feature of Powell’s garage. This organisation deals with motor vehicles, which makes it crucial that the main priority of their services is to provide high-quality results or else the customer’s safety is at risk. The following polar diagram demonstrates the customer’s view and the manager’s view on Powell’s services and products according to Slack et al. ’s five performance objectives theory. The customer’s view is an average calculated from 20 questionnaires that were completed by customers. The manager’s view is a combined result from the two managers that work at Powell’s. As shown above, the manager’s view is quite different to that of the customers. The customers did not rate the garage as high as the manager’s but there is an agreement on the speed of the operation. Powell’s garage has two major competitors in the area that offer similar services. In order to ensure that this organisation has the edge over them, it is essential to investigate what is regarded as important by their customers and how each garage provides that service. Perceived user value (Bowman, 1998), is the best method to show customer’s opinions on the services of the three garages and will also include objectives that are not included in Slack et al. ’s theory. The two garages that are geographically closest to Powell’s are K W Autos and J K Motors. The customers were asked to rate the objectives of the garage from 0 to 10 on a questionnaire (Appendix 2), these figures were then made into an average and shown in the following table. Objective| Powell’s | K W Autos| J K Motors| Speed| 8| 8| 7| Quality| 8| 7| 7| Cost| 7| 6| 7| Dependability| 7| 8| 6| Flexibility| 7| 7| 7| Quality of Facilities| 8| 6| 5| Courtesy of Staff| 9| 6| 6| Working Hours| 7| 7| 8| The data collected from the customers was then put into a graph to demonstrate the differences between the garages more clearly. From these figures, it is clear to see that Powell’s has an overall higher rating than its competitors. Although this is very positive, there are some objectives that Powell’s are lower. You read "Operations and System Management of a Car Garage" in category "Papers" These are the operations that need to be targeted and improved in order to guarantee that K W Autos and J K Motors do not overtake Powell’s in their sales. Capacity The definition of the capacity of an operation is â€Å"the maximum level of value-added activity over a period of time that the process can achieve under normal operating conditions† (Slack et al. 2001, p. 338). Regarding this report, there are two types of capacity that are useful to Powell’s garage; design capacity and effective capacity. Design capacity is â€Å"the capacity to which its technical designers had in mind when they commissioned the operation† (Slack et al. 2001, p. 335). Effective capacity is simply design capacity minus planned loss. Therefore it is what the operation actually runs like. The capacity of Powell’s garage is simply the amount of motor vehicles that can be held in the garage at one time. Powell’s garage has a total of 7 vehicle ramps within the garage; however, 2 of these ramps are designated specifically for MOT servicing. Therefore, altogether, Powell’s can have 8 cars in its premises at one time. In terms of capacity processing, on average, Powell’s can see between 30 and 40 vehicles a week. Although, there are weeks in which it can exceed this and also weeks in which not as many vehicles pass through. Powell’s employ 6 full time mechanics; however, there are always 2 mechanics on the MOT ramps as it always full. This therefore leaves 4 full time mechanics working on 5 ramps for servicing. Straight away, understaffing is the obvious main capacity constraint, as if the garage is completely full, they do not have enough staff to service the vehicles. This would therefore be a planned loss of the organisation. Other planned losses would be mostly time consuming, for example, waiting for vehicle parts to arrive, working hours and waiting for customers to collect their car. As stated before, effective capacity is how the operation actually runs; therefore the everyday realities of a production line will contain something to slow it down. For example, staff breaks, power cuts and maintenance to tools and equipment. Powell’s design capacity (excluding the MOT services) in their garage would be for 5 vehicles to be serviced. However, there are only 4 mechanics available at one time. This means that their effective capacity is 80% of its design capacity. These losses are unavoidable but it results in Powell’s output to be reduced by 20% of what it could have. Actual output is simply effective capacity minus avoidable loss. This is essentially what is produced by the operation when the planned losses and avoidable are taken into account. Avoidable losses include mechanical failure, lighting failure or poorly trained staff. Actual output is therefore much less than the design capacity. It can only be predicted, but this would be estimated around 50%. The following diagram displays the losses against the design capacity and shows how the actual output is calculated. A ‘bottleneck’ is a micro-operation or operations that cause a process to slow down and causes output to take longer. Powell’s main bottleneck is the fact that they are understaffed. However, there are more constraints that prevent operations, these include the type of repair that the car will need, the availability of parts needed to complete the service and working hours. These all affect the processes in the organisation. Capability Index This measures the capability of an operation process within an organisation. This capability index will measure the time any operation can take regarding the services that Powell’s offers. The capability index should give the result as being greater than 1 as this will mean that Powell’s is reliable and capable. However, if the results show that the capability is less than 1, it will prove that Powell’s servicing is incapable and unreliable. The tables below show the amount of time spent servicing vehicles over one month in Powell’s garage. This was recorded from observation and from staff records. Weekly updates allowed a gradual build up of data which could then be grouped to calculate the capability index. Servicing Times| | | 30 minutes| 1 hour| 1 day| 1 hr 30 mins| 1 day| 5 hours| 45 minutes| 3 days| 30 minutes| hours| 6 days| 5 days| 1 day| 2 days| 3 days| 4 days| 3 days| 1 hour| 4 hours| 3 hours| 5 days| 2 days| 1 day| 2 hours| 2 days| 3 days| 6 days| 7 days| 30 minutes| 4 days| Servicing Times| Number of Customers| ;1 Hour| 4| 1 hour – 1 day| 8| 1 – 2 days| 4| 2 – 3 days| 3| 3 – 4 days| 4| 4 – 5 days| 2| 5 – 6 days| 2| 6; days| 3| Capability Index is calculated using the following formula: Cp = USL – LSL 6? Key Cp = Capability Index USL = Upper Specification Limit LSL = Lower Specification Limit ? = Standard Deviation From the data collected above, the USL will be 7 days and the LSL will be 0. 05 as it is in minutes. Cp = 7 – 0. 05 6? Standard Deviation was calculated using all the data collected. In this instance, 1 hour would be 0. 1 and 1 day would be 1. Standard Deviation = 2. 083849 Cp = 7 – 0. 05 6 x 2. 083849 Cp = 6. 95 12. 503094 Cp = 0. 5558624129 Cp = 0. 56 (two decimal places) USL = 7 LSL = 0. 05 This figure and the graph shows that Powell’s garage is operating at a level lower than 1, which indicates that it is not operating at the potential capacity level. Although the capability index worked out to be lower than 1, there is a variety of different service times which suggests that Powell’s offer a wide range of services and at many different time scales. There are many causes for this variation which includes; the nature of the service. The bigger the problem in the vehicle will mean that the service will take longer, and therefore take space for a longer period of time in the garage. There is also the matter of ordering external parts for the repair. This again, could take a long time as Powell’s must wait for the parts to arrive before the repair can begin. All of these variants are time costly in some way but there could be potential initiatives to reduce this. Powell’s could create more space for vehicles outside their garage, by expanding the car park from 1 to 4, this will provide an area to hold cars that require parts from an external source. This would then leave more room available in the garage for less time consuming services. This would see Powell’s garage gain more business and improve their timing for customers. An outside area would also offer a place where very small services are required, for example changing a tyre. This service takes on average 30 minutes to complete. Powell’s would save a lot of time as the car would not need to be taken into the garage or raised on the ramps. Another initiative could be to use the MOT ramps when there are no vehicles using them. This expands Powell’s capacity to 7 full servicing ramps which would provide more business and a faster operation process. An initiative that would also be very effective would be increasing the number of staff; this would allow vehicles to be serviced much quicker. Even if two mechanics worked on one vehicle, this could potentially half the time in which it takes to complete the service. This would then result in extra customer satisfaction, which in the long run would improve Powell’s reputation. It would also allow for more vehicles to be brought in to service as there would be space for that vehicle in a shorter amount of time. Word Count 2,271 References James, P. Rowland-Jones, R. ; O’Brien, L. (eds) 2009. Operations and Business Systems Management. Harlow, Pearson. Slack, N. , Chambers, S. , ; Johnston, R. , 2004. Operations Management. 4th Ed. London: Pitman Publishing. Cengage (2007) Operations, Strategy and Operations Strategy [Online] Available from: http://www. cengage. co. uk/barnes/students/sample_ch/ch2. pdf [Accessed: 26/11/2010] How to cite Operations and System Management of a Car Garage, Papers

Measurable Social Media Marketing Strategy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Measurable Social Media Marketing Strategy. Answer: Introduction The marketing strategy is used by Nike, New Zealand to combine the various goals and objectives of marketing and conduct a market research to focus on the product and marketing mix and achieve the maximum level of profit in business. The marketing strategy s also used to create an effective marketing plan and ensure that the company sustains in the competitive business environment with ease and effectiveness. To conduct the research on the implementation of marketing strategies, it will be essential to set proper marketing goals and objectives, conduct the market research and analyse the target customers and competitors to make the company implement the most suitable marketing strategy properly (nike.com, 2017). The market research will be conducted by using SWOT and PESTLE anlaysis, analyse the target customers and competitors of Nike. This will make the company implement effective marketing strategies and create a good place within the business environment. Marketing goals and objectives The sales objective, as it could be seen by analyzing the marketing strategies of Nike, were to distribute the high quality sports shoes at lower prices and create a dominant marketplace within the shoe industry of New Zealand. The sales objective is also to maintain the good quality of products and services offered and make those available easily in the market place (Aaker, 2013). To focus on the objective of achieving the highest level of profit, the organization has met the requirements of customers in the different market segments and even promoted sustainable development of product design and novelty. The pricing objectives are to deliver the highest quality of products at the most competitive price and use sustainable methods to reduce the costs of operations, manufacturing and production and promote the development of innovative designs that can full the needs and requirements of the customers. This would also allow the young customers to reap the maximum benefits from exercising (Armstrong et al., 2015). The product objectives include development of the right kinds of products that can satisfy the customers and even combine all the important components of a product such as price, product features, places where the products are distributed and even how the products would be promoted to gain the attention of the customers. This would influence their buying behaviors and allow them to make purchases consistently, furthermore achieving the desired level of profit that the company had been aiming for (Baker, 2014). Few other marketing goals and objectives are maintaining the quality of products and services of Nike and ensure that these are easily available in the market, fulfill the requirements and needs of the customers in different market segments and establish sustainable methods for creating products that can reduce the amount of packaging wastes, prevent use of harmful chemicals and substances and maintain the ecological balance in nature too. The objective is also to achieve climate neutrality by preventing any carbon emissions that may be generated during the processes of manufacturing and production (Benjaafar, Li Daskin, 2013). The marketing strategies are implemented to stay ahead of all the other sports companies and make sure that the products and services are available to the customers all around the world. This could help in maintaining a better position through supply of good quality products and innovative designs for attracting the most numbers of customers belonging from di fferent backgrounds and cultures. The marketing strategies would be implemented to ensure that all kinds of products and services should be available in the markets and stores and could meet the changing demands and preferences of the customers (Berthon et al., 2012). To make the marketing strategies implementation successful, it is also important for Nike to value and respect the stakeholders such as suppliers, shareholders, customers, employees and the community and fulfill their needs and requirements to achieve the highest amount of share in the market. Encouragement of environment friendly and pollution free development strategies is another major goal or objective that can reduce the emissions of harmful gases and wastes during the processes of manufacturing and production. All these objectives, when achieved, could not only help in delivering the best quality products and services at lower prices but would also result in having a better market share along with maintenance of ecological balance in nature too (Brohi et al., 2016). Market research The research on market is conducted to identify the needs and requirements of the customers in the market, develop a profile of the competitors, identify the pricing strategies, and supply chains to make the organization gain more profit and competitive advantage in business. The market research is possible with the use of SWOT and PESTLE framework to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the market by the assessment of market size, growth, performance regarding sales along with the sales trends, social and demographics factors too (Caniato et al., 2012). Nike has a huge market share in not only New Zealand but also in various countries all over the world, because of its wide range of products available for the customers in different segments of market. Nike has developed shoes for all kinds of sports including soccer, tennis, basketball and even for golf and due to this, it is one of the number one choice for the athletes as well. Nikes targeted market segments are not limited, because of which, more customers have been attracted, which has created enough opportunities for the company to sustain in the business (Chaffey Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). Nike has a market size of 29 billion US dollars only from its footwear segment with 23 percent of the global athletic footwear market share. The brand value is worth 29.6 billion dollars for Nike, New Zealand. Nike has been the clear winner here, as it can be seen from the analysis. Nike has experienced a solid growth in revenue and this has kept the company stay ahead of its competitors like Adidas, Rebook, etc. Though the company generates good amounts of revenue, still due to the emergence of other organizations, the growth in revenue over the last few decades has reduced largely. Based on the future demands and preferences of the customers, the demands for the basketball shoes have also decreased and remained soft when compared to the previous years (Eggers, Hansen Davis, 2012). The sales performance of Nike has improved with the implementation of good advertising strategies for increasing the demands in the market segments and spread positive brand images. The targeted market has been changed from the teenagers to the young customers to expand the target market and deliver superior quality shoes that have innovative style and are reliable and authentic in their own segments. The e-commerce technologies have benefited the company by making products and services available online and delivered those to them with ease and efficiency. This has been a growing trend for the company, which has improved the sales performance largely, thereby achieving higher amounts of profit and competitive advantage in business (Ferrell Hartline, 2012). The e-commerce growth has resulted in making digital commerce sales, which has generated more sales revenue and even has helped the company to achieve the target with ease. From the analysis of sales performance, it could be understood that Nike has stayed ahead of Adidas and Puma and had sustained in the competitive market place too. It has a sales revenue of 29.1 billion dollars, which is quite higher than the other two companies within the footwear industry. The sales of Nike have increased for the past few years hugely and it has not only resulted in gaining good amounts of return, which is far more than the investments that were made earlier. Based on the analysis of two years, though without considering the past few years, it could be seen that the sales trends had increased potentially. The social trends embraced by Nike have facilitated the implementation of sustainable approaches for changing the lives of people as well as prioritize on the strategies to create a healthier and eco-friendly environment. The corporate social responsibility allowed the company to undertake approaches like innovation of performance, managing volatility of cost of resources, effective supply chain activities, etc. that have helped in maintaining production of good quality and environment friendly products to create a better place for people to live in the future (Hartley Claycomb, 2013). The demographic segmentation helped in making different products available for different market segments comprising of children, young adults and mature individuals. The company provides shoes, clothing and other athletic accessories that are of good qualities and have helped the company to enter new markets with ease and efficiency (Hollensen, 2015). Few major strengths of the organization are its strong brand name and image, good quality research and development activities to introduce wide range of new products and services, availability of good quality shoes and apparel products at comparatively lower prices and competitive advantage has been gained by the organization too. It sells shoes for various sports activities like basketball, golf, tennis, football. The Make to stock customer order used by Nike had facilitated the delivery of fast services to the customers and because of the huge numbers of outlets in more than 180 countries; the sales had been growing consistently (Gordon, 2012). The string research and development activities had helped in innovating the products and services and ensure that the highest quality products and services were offered to keep the customers inclined to the company. Nike, being a global brand holds a recognizable logo named Swoosh, which had been quite popular among the customers as well. The revenue generated is entirely dependent upon the market share of the footwear industry, which is considered as a major weakness. The retailers of shoes and clothing items are price sensitive due to the absence of own retailers of the company, which can also led to less market share. Because of the high level of dependence on the market share, the company might be vulnerable to lesser sales when the market share declines (Hartley Claycomb, 2013). The development of products has provided enough opportunities to Nike because it has not only attracted the attention of many athletes, but also has become popular as a major fashion brand within the youth culture. There are other opportunities as well, such as development of sportswear, sunglasses, jewelry and shoes too. These high value products and services have helped in generating higher profit in business. The development of business globally has strengthened its brand name and image, furthermore supported many popular events and sports to spread brand messages related to the products of the company (Haumann et al., 2014). One of the major threats is the huge amount of competition in the market by Adidas, Rebook, etc. Nike has been exposed to the international nature of trade and so it purchases and sells products in varied currencies, which has created instable cost and margin of profit. There is huge competition in the sports shoes and apparel market, because of which the competitors have developed alternative brand products to take most of the market share that Nike currently possessed (Hawkins, Mothersbaugh Best, 2013). New Zealand has good numbers of policies and procedures for growth, which has been beneficial for the organization such as low rate of interest and structured tax agreements. Changes in tax and political issues can also result in preventing the import and export activities for Nike. By cooperating with the Government, it has become easy for Nike to enable transparency in the global value chain and deliver its products and services all over the world (Hollensen, 2015). The brand equity technique is embraced by Nike to get benefited from the growing demands and preferences of the consumers and furthermore expanded its value chain. The company has provided employment opportunities to a huge number of people in New Zealand and this has provided the local rate to the labor force. The revenue is somewhat dependent upon the low cost labour and as it is changing, the prices of products of Nike are higher as well. With good amount of capital, Nike has all the necessary resources to enter the new markets and sell products properly (Huang, 2012). Nike has maintained a good social status by providing products and services to the customers that can make them lead a better lifestyle. The sustainable processes managed by the company have improved the health consciousness and even made the company create less negative impact on the environment. The organization has complied with the requirements related to the pay structure of employees and delivering good working conditions to the people for maintaining stability within the workplace. This has maintained the organizational standards and ensured that the products and services developed could fulfill the quality standards properly (Khan, 2014). Digital metrics have been used to analyse the demands and preferences of the consumers and enable segmentation of market to manage transactions and supply chains with convenience. The technological advancements have also created good working conditions for the employees, therefore reduced the turnover of employees and undermined the efficiency of the workforce. The company has focused on its marketing effort by embracing digital technologies to focus on the e-commerce and digital sports. The Nike Fuel Band product has personalized the experience of customer and even tracked the level of workouts (Kim et al., 2012). This kind of technological innovation has also given the organization an edge over its competitors by attracting the young customers and deliver feedbacks related to the overall experiences of customers. The segmentation of demographics is a major factor that has impacted the organization by allowing it to target the customers according to their ages gender, occupation, life cycle, etc. Nike mostly targets the customers aged between 18 to 40 years for developing brand trust and loyalty. The company has implemented various marketing campaigns to attract the athletes and even acted as major sponsors to top sports events. A wide range of womens apparel and accessories have been introduced as well to expand the womans segment and this increased the generated revenue for the organization. Because of the high prices of products and services delivered by Nike, the targeting demographic variables had been education and income level of the customers (Krajewski, Ritzman Malhotra, 2013). Analysis of target customers and competitors Nike Inc. is one of the major sports footwear and apparel company that has targeted the professional athletes mostly and through continuous innovation of products and services, the company has improved the potential of athletes and fulfilled their needs and requirements too quite easily. The company has now targeted the women segment within the New Zealand market by providing them with good quality womens clothing and accessories. The young athletes are the targeted market and this has created huge potential and opportunities for the company. Previously the company targeted the people who enjoyed sports, but with time, the company had managed to innovate its products and services and targeted both the young adults and women, who want something new and attraction that could improve their lifestyle (Kumar Mirchandani, 2012). The top competitors of Nike are Adidas, Rebook, Puma, Fila, etc. The products of Adidas are sportswear, clothing and other accessories. It has worldwide revenue of more than $16 billion and brand valuation of $7 billion. Rebook is another company that provides kits of football, cricket and other sports events. Puma is one of the strong contenders of Nike though it has not good levels of sports sponsorships (Kumar et al., 2013). Thus, it could be understood that Nike emerged as a successful contender within the sports and apparel industry. The utilization of value based pricing strategy by Nike has enhanced its growth in sales and profit level. This kind of strategy has helped in identifying the price that the company has applied for the products to maximize its profit level according to the market share. The high value of products delivered has helped in maximizing the profit level largely too. The market segmentation strategy has brought fruitful results by managing agreements between the sports team and the company itself, which further sponsored and endorsed the team members. The majority consumers of Nike are sportsmen and so the company has enabled styling of the product objective and purpose (Morgan et al., 2012). The consumers were targeted effectively, which has developed product intimacy through management of quality and value for money. The business is conducted in a ethical manner and this has been possible by collaborating with the business partners, strategic suppliers and focus on the long term goals by making the employees engaged within the workforce and created good working conditions too. The Codes of conduct standards are evolved to increase the level of expectations of the factory partners and manage strict guidance related to the child labour, compensation, forced labour and association freedom. The working relationships are transformed, thereby giving enough chance to manage changes and benefit the workers of the organisation too (Mullins, Walkerb Boyd, 2012). 7 Ps of Marketing Marketing mix is one of the integral components of strategy and it consists of controllable variables that will be used to fulfill the needs of the targets consumers in the market. Marketing mix will enable to identify the best course of action for achieving the desired long-term goals and objectives, which provide the organization with competitive advantage in the market. Nike is one of the leading manufacturer and supplier of global athletic products such as sport apparels, shoes and equipments. Nike has a strong marketing strategy, which has provided them with competitive advantage in the market (nike.com, 2017). Marketing mix is a tool that is used to improve the strength of the brand and Nike has one of the most strongest marketing strategy in the market. The organization has been mainly focused on the pull strategy, which has helped them to gain competitive advantage over the competitors such as Reebok and Adidas. The marketing mix of Nike will be highlighted in detail in this part of the report (Perreault Jr, Cannon McCarthy, 2013). The product line of the organization is wide and consists of products such as the apparel, equipments and shoes. The organization is one of the market leader in their market segment and has extended their product line by including the products such as athletic bags and accessories. Nike has brand named Cole Haan that consist of casual footwear, apparels and accessories for all segment of the market. Moreover, the product line of the organization consist of brands such as Sports Specialties which has put on the market products like head gears, skate blades, ice skates, hockey sticks, protective gears, accessories and hockey jersey (Santos Laczniak, 2015). This shows that the organization has diversified portfolio and is able to incorporate large number of products into their extended product line, which is catering to the different market segment in the organization. Nike is delivering their products to the premium segment of consumers, which suggest that they have been using premium-pricing strategy. The pricing strategy of the organization has been developed in such a way so that they can compete with the other rivals in the market. Nike never compromises with the prices they offer because of the quality of the product they serve and they have been commanding high premiums (Shank Lyberger, 2014).Nike uses vertical integration in the pricing strategy where their own participants operate in different channels and multiple channel so that they can control the prices and costs of operation. The products of the organization are sold in multiple stores in all over the world and consist of other stores, which are exclusive only to Nike. Nike supplies their product in the international market through independent subsidiaries, licensees and distributors (Kukanja et al. 2017). The organization has established production units in all parts of the world and it has facilitated them in distributing the products in the market. The location of the store is one of the factors, which affects the promotion of an organization. The use of print media and advertising is evident in the organization and formed strategic alliances to promote their products. The organization had made contracts with famous players from all the fields which will includes players like Ronaldo and Lebron James. However, the inclusion of the online media for promoting their product has to be more efficient and Nike will have to more active on the social media platforms and the micro blogging sites as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram (Solomon, 2014). Thus, the organizations have been focusing on improving their digital marketing and have increased their cost of advertisements. However, online marketing and digital marketing if used in an effective way will be able to reduce the overall cost of the organization. The organization has diversified their product to cater to a wide range of consumers in the market. The target consumers include the premium consumers such as athletes. Nike has had targeted athletes from all the fields and provides wide range of products and equipments to the consumers (Aaker, 2013). Moreover, Nike also caters to normal consumer segment and has a different brand for catering to the needs of this segment. Nike is known for the designer products they offer to the consumers and they are able to provide customized products for each of the target segments. The products are designed in such a way that it will suit the needs of their desired field of expertise. Nike operates a global level and consists of large number of factories in various countries. Nike has their own set of independent distributors who supply products to the differ stores in all over the world (Armstrong et al., 2015). Marketing budget Marketing Expense Budget 2017 (OCT) 2017 (NOV) 2017 (DEC) 2018 2019 2020 Advertising $10,000 $12,000 $15,000 $20,000 $160,000 $260,000 Catalogs $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $25,000 $28,000 Websites $3,000 $11,800 $8,000 $5,000 $113,300 $125,000 Promotions $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $0 $16,000 $18,000 Shows $0 $0 $0 $0 $20,200 $22,000 Literature $0 $7,000 $0 $0 $7,000 $8,000 PR $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,000 $1,000 Seminars $1,000 $0 $0 $0 $31,000 $34,000 Service $2,000 $1,000 $500 $250 $10,250 $11,000 Training $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $60,000 $66,000 Other $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $12,000 $15,000 Total Sales and Marketing Expenses $29,000 $43,800 $51,500 $23,250 $445,750 $578,000 Percent of Sales 6.24% 9.36% 6.77% 3.75% 7.48% 8.82% Contribution Margin $114,310 $123,238 $80,161 $72,035 $913,563 $1,108,926 Contribution Margin/Sales 31.07% 26.33% 10.54% 11.63% 15.3% 16.92% (Source: As created by author) The marketing budget states that Nike will be using aggressive marketing strategy and they have significantly increased their market spending. The organization is more focused on spending in their digital and online marketing; if the strategy is implemented in a proper way it will result in increase in the revenue and the overall revenue that will be generated will be around 20%. Moreover, there is a increase in the brand events which will help to promote their products and create brand recognition in the market and help them to gain competitive advantage in the market. Conclusion The report was presented to focus on the major marketing techniques followed by Nike to create a sustainable place in the market. The major marketing objectives were to deliver high quality shoes and apparel items at reasonable prices and conducted a market research for understanding the sales, growth and performance. The SWOT and PEST analysis helped in assessing the market conditions and analyse the target customers. 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